-
1 defecti
dē-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3 ( perf. subj.: defexit, an old formula in Liv. 1, 24 fin., see below, no. III. fin. In the pass., besides the regular form deficior, ante- and postclass., once in Verg., Propert., and Livy, like fīo, eri: defit, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19; Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 46; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 12; Lucr. 2, 1142; Verg. E. 2, 22; Prop. 1, 1, 34:I.deflunt,
Gell. 20, 8, 5:defiat,
Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 63:defiet,
Liv. 9, 11:defieri,
Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 2; cf. conficio init.), v. a. and n. [facio], orig., to loosen, set free, remove from; but it passed over at a very early period into the middle sense, to loosen from one's self, to remove one's self, to break loose from; and then gradually assumed the character of a new verb. act., with the meaning to leave, desert, [p. 530] depart from something, or absol., to depart, cease, fail. (For syn. cf.: desum, absum, descisco, negligo.)Act. in the middle sense, to remove one's self, separate one's self, to withdraw (cf. the Greek aphistanai).—Hence, to forsake, desert, abandon, revolt.A.Lit.:B.ab amicitia P. R.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; 7, 39, 3:ab Aeduis,
id. ib. 2, 14, 3:ab rege,
Sall. J. 56, 3; cf. ib. 66:(consules) a senatu, a republica, a bonis omnibus defecerant,
Cic. Planc. 35; cf.:a republica,
id. Cat. 11, 28; id. Fam. 12, 10; id. Sull. 12, 35:ab imperio ac nomine nostro,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 31 et saep.:a patribus ad plebem,
to go over, Liv. 6, 20:ad se,
Sall. J. 61; cf.:ad Poenos,
Liv. 22, 61.— Absol.:civitates quae defecerant,
Caes. B. G. 3, 17, 2; 5, 25, 4; 7, 10 al.—Trop.:II.si a virtute defeceris,
forsake, Cic. Lael. 11, 37:si utilitas ab amicitia defecerit,
id. Fin. 2, 24, 79:ut a me ipse deficerem,
id. Fam. 2, 16.—Hence,As a verb. act., to leave a person or thing, to desert, to fail, forsake, be wanting to (of things;b.very rarely of personal subjects): quem jam sanguis viresque deficiunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 50 fin.; so,vires,
id. B. C. 3, 99 fin.; Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199:me Leontina civitas,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 110; id. ib. 2, 5, 28 fin.; Hor. S. 2, 1, 13 et saep.:res eos jam pridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10:me dies, vox, latera deficiant, si, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 21 (imitated word for word, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 9); cf.:ne te de republica disserentem deficiat oratio,
Cic. Rep. 1, 23; and:tempus te citius quam oratio deficeret,
id. Rosc. Am. 32:animus si te non deficit aequus,
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 30:somnus sollicitas domus,
Tib. 3, 4, 20: genitor Phaethontis orbem, i. e. is eclipsed (cf. III. B. infra), Ov. M. 2, 382.— Poet. with a subject-clause: nec me deficiet nautas rogitare citatos, i. e. I will not cease, etc. Prop. 1, 8, 23 Kuin.—Pass.:III.cum aquilifer jam viribus deficeretur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 64, 3; cf.:mulier a menstruis defecta,
Cels. 2, 8 fin.:mulier abundat audacia, consilio et ratione deficitur,
Cic. Clu. 65, 184:aqua ciboque defecti,
Quint. 3, 8, 23; Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:sanguine defecti artus,
Ov. M. 5, 96 et saep.:si qui dotem promisit defectus sit facultatibus,
i. e. unable to pay, Dig. 23, 3, 33; cf.:te defecta nomina,
ib. 22, 1, 11 fin. —Middle or neuter, to run out, be wanting, fail, cease, disappear.A.Middle (mostly ante-class. and poet.).(α).With dat.: mihi fortuna magis nunc defit, quam genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 2:(β).lac mihi non aestate novum, non frigore defit,
Verg. E. 2, 22.—Absol.:B.neque opsonium defiat neque supersit,
Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 3;so opp. superesse,
Ter. Ph. 1, 3, 10:ut defiat dies,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 63: id. Mil. 4, 6, 46:numquamne causa defiet, cur? etc.,
Liv. 9, 11.— Trop.:defectis (sc. animo) defensoribus,
disheartened, Caes. B. C. 3, 40, 3:sed non usque eo defectum Germanicum,
weakened, Tac. A. 2, 70; cf. in the foll. no. B. b.—Neuter.(α).With dat. (so rarely; mostly poet.):(β).cum non solum vires, sed etiam tela nostris deficerent,
Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1;so perh.: vires nostris,
id. B. C. 2, 41, 7 (al. nostros); Sil. 8, 661 Oud. N. cr.; cf. id. 10, 10, 193; and Stat. Ach. 1, 445.—Absol. (freq. in all periods and kinds of composition):non frumentum deficere poterat,
Caes. B. C. 2, 37 fin.; cf.:fructus ex arboribus,
id. ib. 3, 58 fin.:ejus generis copia,
id. B. G. 6, 16 fin.:tempus anni ad bellum gerendum,
id. ib. 4, 20, 2:vereor, ne mihi crimina non suppeterent, ne oratio deesset, ne vox viresque deficerent,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11:nisi memoria forte defecerit,
id. Fin. 2, 14, 44; id. Rep. 1, 3:non deficiente crumena,
Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 11 et saep.; Juv. 11, 38:quod plena luna defecisset,
was eclipsed, Cic. Rep. 1, 15; cf.:solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,
id. ib. 1, 16 al.; also simply to set:qua venit exoriens, qua deficit,
Prop. 4, 4, 27: lunā deficiente, waning (opp. crescente), Gell. 20, 8, 5; of fire and light, to go out, expire, become extinct:ignis,
Verg. G. 352:lumen,
Petr. 111, 4:progenies Caesarum in Nerone deficit,
becomes extinct, dies out, Suet. Galb. 1; cf. Plin. Pan. 39, 6; Just. 7, 2, 4; Sen. Suas. 2, 22;but deficit ignis,
does not extend, Verg. A. 2, 505:in hac voce defecit,
he departed, expired, Suet. Aug. 99; Quint. 6 prooem. § 11: deficit omne quod nascitur, comes to an end, Quint. 5, 10, 79; cf.:mundum deficere,
id. ib.:deficit vita,
Plaut. Asin. 3, 3, 19;quod multi Gallicis tot bellis defecerant,
had been lost, Caes. B. C. 3, 2 fin.:ultima jam passi comites bello Deficiunt,
grow faint, Ov. M. 14, 483:deficit Matho,
fails, becomes bankrupt, Juv. 7, 129:debitores,
Dig. 49, 14, 3, § 8:munimenta defecerant,
yielded, surrendered, Curt. 4, 4, 19.— Trop.:ne negotio desisteret neu animo deficeret,
nor be disheartened, Caes. B. C. 3, 112 fin.; so,animo,
id. B. G. 7, 30; id. B. C. 1, 19; 2, 43; Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 10;for which, ne deficiant (apes) animum,
Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 34; and in a like sense absol.:ne una plaga accepta patres conscripti conciderent, ne deficerent,
Cic. Att. 1, 16, 9; so Caes. B. C. 2, 31 fin.; Sall. J. 51, 4:deficit ars,
Ov. M. 11, 537: illis legibus populus Romanus prior non deficiet: si prior defexit publico consilio dolo malo, tu illo die, Juppiter, etc., to depart from, violate the conditions of a treaty, an old formula used in taking an oath, Liv. 1, 24 fin.:pugnando deficere,
i. e. to be deficient, wanting, Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 3; cf. poet. with foll. inf.:suppeditare Materies,
Lucr. 1, 1039; Sil. 3, 112; Tib. 4, 1, 191.— Hence, dēfectus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to no. III.), weak, weakened, worn out, enfeebled (not ante-Aug.):quod sibi defectis illa tulisset opem,
Ov. F. 3, 674:defectus annis et desertus viribus,
Phaedr. 1, 21, 3; cf.:defectissimus annis et viribus,
Col. 1 prooem. §12: senio (arbor),
id. 5, 6, 37:laboribus,
Val. Fl. 2, 285:vadit incerto pede, jam viribus defecta,
Sen. Hippol. 374:defectae senectutis homine,
Dig. 7, 1, 12, § 3:in tumidis et globosis (speculis) omnia defectiora (corresp. with paria and auctiora),
smaller, App. Mag. p. 283.— Plur. subst.: dēfecti, ōrum, m.:sidera obscura attributa defectis,
the weak, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 28. -
2 deficio
dē-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3 ( perf. subj.: defexit, an old formula in Liv. 1, 24 fin., see below, no. III. fin. In the pass., besides the regular form deficior, ante- and postclass., once in Verg., Propert., and Livy, like fīo, eri: defit, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19; Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 46; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 12; Lucr. 2, 1142; Verg. E. 2, 22; Prop. 1, 1, 34:I.deflunt,
Gell. 20, 8, 5:defiat,
Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 63:defiet,
Liv. 9, 11:defieri,
Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 2; cf. conficio init.), v. a. and n. [facio], orig., to loosen, set free, remove from; but it passed over at a very early period into the middle sense, to loosen from one's self, to remove one's self, to break loose from; and then gradually assumed the character of a new verb. act., with the meaning to leave, desert, [p. 530] depart from something, or absol., to depart, cease, fail. (For syn. cf.: desum, absum, descisco, negligo.)Act. in the middle sense, to remove one's self, separate one's self, to withdraw (cf. the Greek aphistanai).—Hence, to forsake, desert, abandon, revolt.A.Lit.:B.ab amicitia P. R.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; 7, 39, 3:ab Aeduis,
id. ib. 2, 14, 3:ab rege,
Sall. J. 56, 3; cf. ib. 66:(consules) a senatu, a republica, a bonis omnibus defecerant,
Cic. Planc. 35; cf.:a republica,
id. Cat. 11, 28; id. Fam. 12, 10; id. Sull. 12, 35:ab imperio ac nomine nostro,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 31 et saep.:a patribus ad plebem,
to go over, Liv. 6, 20:ad se,
Sall. J. 61; cf.:ad Poenos,
Liv. 22, 61.— Absol.:civitates quae defecerant,
Caes. B. G. 3, 17, 2; 5, 25, 4; 7, 10 al.—Trop.:II.si a virtute defeceris,
forsake, Cic. Lael. 11, 37:si utilitas ab amicitia defecerit,
id. Fin. 2, 24, 79:ut a me ipse deficerem,
id. Fam. 2, 16.—Hence,As a verb. act., to leave a person or thing, to desert, to fail, forsake, be wanting to (of things;b.very rarely of personal subjects): quem jam sanguis viresque deficiunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 50 fin.; so,vires,
id. B. C. 3, 99 fin.; Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199:me Leontina civitas,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 110; id. ib. 2, 5, 28 fin.; Hor. S. 2, 1, 13 et saep.:res eos jam pridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10:me dies, vox, latera deficiant, si, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 21 (imitated word for word, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 9); cf.:ne te de republica disserentem deficiat oratio,
Cic. Rep. 1, 23; and:tempus te citius quam oratio deficeret,
id. Rosc. Am. 32:animus si te non deficit aequus,
Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 30:somnus sollicitas domus,
Tib. 3, 4, 20: genitor Phaethontis orbem, i. e. is eclipsed (cf. III. B. infra), Ov. M. 2, 382.— Poet. with a subject-clause: nec me deficiet nautas rogitare citatos, i. e. I will not cease, etc. Prop. 1, 8, 23 Kuin.—Pass.:III.cum aquilifer jam viribus deficeretur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 64, 3; cf.:mulier a menstruis defecta,
Cels. 2, 8 fin.:mulier abundat audacia, consilio et ratione deficitur,
Cic. Clu. 65, 184:aqua ciboque defecti,
Quint. 3, 8, 23; Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:sanguine defecti artus,
Ov. M. 5, 96 et saep.:si qui dotem promisit defectus sit facultatibus,
i. e. unable to pay, Dig. 23, 3, 33; cf.:te defecta nomina,
ib. 22, 1, 11 fin. —Middle or neuter, to run out, be wanting, fail, cease, disappear.A.Middle (mostly ante-class. and poet.).(α).With dat.: mihi fortuna magis nunc defit, quam genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 2:(β).lac mihi non aestate novum, non frigore defit,
Verg. E. 2, 22.—Absol.:B.neque opsonium defiat neque supersit,
Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 3;so opp. superesse,
Ter. Ph. 1, 3, 10:ut defiat dies,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 63: id. Mil. 4, 6, 46:numquamne causa defiet, cur? etc.,
Liv. 9, 11.— Trop.:defectis (sc. animo) defensoribus,
disheartened, Caes. B. C. 3, 40, 3:sed non usque eo defectum Germanicum,
weakened, Tac. A. 2, 70; cf. in the foll. no. B. b.—Neuter.(α).With dat. (so rarely; mostly poet.):(β).cum non solum vires, sed etiam tela nostris deficerent,
Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1;so perh.: vires nostris,
id. B. C. 2, 41, 7 (al. nostros); Sil. 8, 661 Oud. N. cr.; cf. id. 10, 10, 193; and Stat. Ach. 1, 445.—Absol. (freq. in all periods and kinds of composition):non frumentum deficere poterat,
Caes. B. C. 2, 37 fin.; cf.:fructus ex arboribus,
id. ib. 3, 58 fin.:ejus generis copia,
id. B. G. 6, 16 fin.:tempus anni ad bellum gerendum,
id. ib. 4, 20, 2:vereor, ne mihi crimina non suppeterent, ne oratio deesset, ne vox viresque deficerent,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11:nisi memoria forte defecerit,
id. Fin. 2, 14, 44; id. Rep. 1, 3:non deficiente crumena,
Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 11 et saep.; Juv. 11, 38:quod plena luna defecisset,
was eclipsed, Cic. Rep. 1, 15; cf.:solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,
id. ib. 1, 16 al.; also simply to set:qua venit exoriens, qua deficit,
Prop. 4, 4, 27: lunā deficiente, waning (opp. crescente), Gell. 20, 8, 5; of fire and light, to go out, expire, become extinct:ignis,
Verg. G. 352:lumen,
Petr. 111, 4:progenies Caesarum in Nerone deficit,
becomes extinct, dies out, Suet. Galb. 1; cf. Plin. Pan. 39, 6; Just. 7, 2, 4; Sen. Suas. 2, 22;but deficit ignis,
does not extend, Verg. A. 2, 505:in hac voce defecit,
he departed, expired, Suet. Aug. 99; Quint. 6 prooem. § 11: deficit omne quod nascitur, comes to an end, Quint. 5, 10, 79; cf.:mundum deficere,
id. ib.:deficit vita,
Plaut. Asin. 3, 3, 19;quod multi Gallicis tot bellis defecerant,
had been lost, Caes. B. C. 3, 2 fin.:ultima jam passi comites bello Deficiunt,
grow faint, Ov. M. 14, 483:deficit Matho,
fails, becomes bankrupt, Juv. 7, 129:debitores,
Dig. 49, 14, 3, § 8:munimenta defecerant,
yielded, surrendered, Curt. 4, 4, 19.— Trop.:ne negotio desisteret neu animo deficeret,
nor be disheartened, Caes. B. C. 3, 112 fin.; so,animo,
id. B. G. 7, 30; id. B. C. 1, 19; 2, 43; Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 10;for which, ne deficiant (apes) animum,
Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 34; and in a like sense absol.:ne una plaga accepta patres conscripti conciderent, ne deficerent,
Cic. Att. 1, 16, 9; so Caes. B. C. 2, 31 fin.; Sall. J. 51, 4:deficit ars,
Ov. M. 11, 537: illis legibus populus Romanus prior non deficiet: si prior defexit publico consilio dolo malo, tu illo die, Juppiter, etc., to depart from, violate the conditions of a treaty, an old formula used in taking an oath, Liv. 1, 24 fin.:pugnando deficere,
i. e. to be deficient, wanting, Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 3; cf. poet. with foll. inf.:suppeditare Materies,
Lucr. 1, 1039; Sil. 3, 112; Tib. 4, 1, 191.— Hence, dēfectus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to no. III.), weak, weakened, worn out, enfeebled (not ante-Aug.):quod sibi defectis illa tulisset opem,
Ov. F. 3, 674:defectus annis et desertus viribus,
Phaedr. 1, 21, 3; cf.:defectissimus annis et viribus,
Col. 1 prooem. §12: senio (arbor),
id. 5, 6, 37:laboribus,
Val. Fl. 2, 285:vadit incerto pede, jam viribus defecta,
Sen. Hippol. 374:defectae senectutis homine,
Dig. 7, 1, 12, § 3:in tumidis et globosis (speculis) omnia defectiora (corresp. with paria and auctiora),
smaller, App. Mag. p. 283.— Plur. subst.: dēfecti, ōrum, m.:sidera obscura attributa defectis,
the weak, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 28. -
3 exspiro
ex-spīro ( expīro), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic. and Caes.).I.Act., to breathe out, to emit, to blow out, to exhale, give out: animam pulmonibus, Lucil. ap. Non. 38, 27:B.animam medios in ignes,
Ov. M. 5, 106:auras,
id. ib. 3, 121:flumen sanguinis de pectore,
Lucr. 2, 354; cf.:flammas pectore,
Verg. A. 1, 44:odorem de corpore,
Lucr. 4, 124:sonos per saxa (unda),
Sil. 9, 285:colorem (uniones),
Plin. 9, 35, 56, § 115.—Poet. transf.:C. II.cadavera vermes,
i. e. send forth, produce, Lucr. 3, 720:silva comas tollit fructumque exspirat in umbras,
i. e. spreads out into foliage, Stat. S. 5, 2, 70.—Neutr.A. 1.Lit.:* 2.per fauces montis ut Aetnae Exspirent ignes,
Lucr. 6, 640:ignis foras (with exire in auras),
id. 6, 886:vis fera ventorum,
Ov. M. 15, 300:halitus Averni,
Val. Fl. 4, 493:unguenta,
evaporate, Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 20: vis, Lucil. ap. Non. 38, 30.—Trop.:B.irae pectoris exspirantes,
Cat. 64, 194.—To breathe one's last, to expire.I.Lit.:2.ut per singulos artus exspiraret,
Sall. H. 1, 30 Dietsch.:atram tundit humum exspirans,
Verg. A. 10, 731:ubi perire jussus exspiravero,
Hor. Epod. 5, 91:inter primam curationem exspiravit,
Liv. 2, 20, 9:inter verbera et vincula,
id. 28, 19, 12:extremus exspirantis hiatus,
Quint. 6, 2, 31; 9, 2, 73; Sen. Ep. 99, 27; Curt. 3, 5, 4; Suet. Tib. 21; id. Claud. 23; Val. Max. 4, 5, 6; Plin. 7, 36, 36, § 122.— Pass. impers.:quoniam membranā cerebri incisā statim exspiretur,
Plin. 11, 37, 67, § 178:exspiravit aper dentibus apri,
Juv. 15, 162.—Trop., to expire, perish, come to an end, cease:si ego morerer, mecum exspiratura res publica erat,
Liv. 28, 28, 11:libertate jam exspirante,
Plin. Pan. 57, 4:ne res publica exspiraret,
Val. Max. 3, 2, 18:criminis causa exspirat,
becomes extinct, ceases, Dig. 48, 17, 1 fin.; 24, 3, 19:prior obligatio,
ib. 45, 1, 58.
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